Top Symptoms of Heart Disease in Older Cats

🫀 Understanding Feline Heart Disease

Heart disease in cats, often referred to as feline cardiomyopathy, can manifest in various forms. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most prevalent type, characterized by thickening of the heart muscle. This thickening reduces the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively. Other forms include dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), each affecting the heart’s structure and function differently.

Older cats are particularly susceptible to developing heart conditions. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential for early detection. These check-ups should include listening to the heart for any murmurs or abnormal rhythms.

⚠️ Common Symptoms to Watch For

1. Difficulty Breathing (Dyspnea)

One of the most alarming signs of heart disease in cats is difficulty breathing. This can manifest as rapid, shallow breaths or labored breathing. You might notice your cat panting, which is unusual for felines, or extending their neck to breathe more easily.

Listen closely to your cat’s breathing sounds. Wheezing or crackling noises can indicate fluid buildup in the lungs, a common complication of heart disease. If you observe any breathing difficulties, seek immediate veterinary attention.

2. Lethargy and Weakness

Cats with heart disease often exhibit decreased energy levels. They may sleep more than usual or show a reluctance to play or engage in activities they once enjoyed. This lethargy stems from the heart’s inability to efficiently circulate oxygen throughout the body.

Weakness can also be a prominent symptom. Your cat might struggle to jump onto furniture or experience episodes of collapse. Any sudden changes in energy levels or signs of weakness warrant a veterinary examination.

3. Coughing

While less common in cats than in dogs, coughing can be a symptom of heart disease, especially if fluid accumulates in the lungs. The cough may be dry or produce phlegm. Note the frequency and severity of the cough and report it to your veterinarian.

It’s important to differentiate a heart-related cough from other causes, such as respiratory infections or asthma. A veterinary examination can help determine the underlying cause of the cough.

4. Loss of Appetite

A reduced appetite or complete refusal to eat can be a sign of underlying health issues, including heart disease. The decreased appetite may be due to nausea, fatigue, or fluid buildup in the abdomen, which can put pressure on the digestive organs.

Monitor your cat’s food intake closely. If they consistently eat less than usual or skip meals, consult your veterinarian. Weight loss is another concerning sign that often accompanies a decreased appetite.

5. Changes in Heart Rate and Rhythm

Heart disease can disrupt the normal heart rate and rhythm. Your veterinarian can detect these changes during a physical examination by listening to your cat’s heart with a stethoscope. They may hear a heart murmur, which is an abnormal sound caused by turbulent blood flow.

An irregular heart rhythm, known as an arrhythmia, can also be detected. These abnormalities can indicate underlying heart problems and may require further diagnostic testing, such as an electrocardiogram (ECG).

6. Fainting or Collapse (Syncope)

Fainting or collapsing episodes, also known as syncope, can occur when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the brain. These episodes can be brief and may be preceded by weakness or dizziness. Syncope is a serious symptom that requires immediate veterinary attention.

Observe your cat closely after a fainting episode. Note the duration of the episode, any preceding symptoms, and your cat’s behavior afterward. This information will be helpful for your veterinarian in diagnosing the underlying cause.

7. Swollen Abdomen (Ascites)

Fluid accumulation in the abdomen, known as ascites, can occur as a result of heart failure. The abdomen may appear distended or bloated. This fluid buildup is due to the heart’s inability to effectively pump blood, leading to increased pressure in the blood vessels and leakage of fluid into the abdominal cavity.

If you notice a sudden increase in your cat’s abdominal size, consult your veterinarian promptly. Ascites can be uncomfortable and may indicate advanced heart disease.

8. Bluish Gums or Tongue (Cyanosis)

A bluish discoloration of the gums or tongue, known as cyanosis, indicates a lack of oxygen in the blood. This is a serious symptom that requires immediate veterinary attention. Cyanosis can occur when the heart is unable to pump enough oxygenated blood to the body.

Check your cat’s gums regularly. They should be pink and moist. If you notice a bluish tint, seek emergency veterinary care.

9. Sudden Hind Limb Paralysis

Though less common, sudden hind limb paralysis can be a devastating symptom of heart disease in cats. This is often caused by a blood clot that forms in the heart and travels to the arteries supplying the hind legs, cutting off blood flow. This condition, known as aortic thromboembolism (ATE) or saddle thrombus, is extremely painful and requires immediate veterinary intervention.

If your cat suddenly loses the ability to move their hind legs, exhibits signs of pain, and has cold paws, seek emergency veterinary care without delay.

10. Changes in Behavior

Subtle changes in behavior can sometimes be early indicators of heart disease. Your cat may become more withdrawn, irritable, or anxious. They may also exhibit changes in their sleeping habits or grooming routines. Pay attention to any unusual behavior patterns and discuss them with your veterinarian.

These behavioral changes may be subtle and easily overlooked, but they can provide valuable clues to underlying health problems.

🐾 Diagnosis and Treatment

If you suspect your cat may have heart disease, it is crucial to schedule a veterinary appointment promptly. The veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination, including listening to the heart and lungs. Diagnostic tests may include:

• Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of the heart that provides detailed images of the heart’s structure and function.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart.
• Radiographs (X-rays): To assess the size and shape of the heart and lungs.
• Blood tests: To evaluate overall health and rule out other conditions.

Treatment for heart disease in cats varies depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common treatments include:

• Medications: To manage symptoms, such as diuretics to reduce fluid buildup, ACE inhibitors to lower blood pressure, and beta-blockers to slow the heart rate.
• Dietary changes: A low-sodium diet may be recommended to help manage fluid retention.
• Oxygen therapy: May be necessary in cases of severe breathing difficulties.